Roofing machine



Aug. 13, 1935. v A. s. PETERSON 2,010,887

' ROOFING MACHINE Filed Aug. 27; 1932 5 Sheets-Shed 1 ART/m? 5. PfTE/PSo/v BY WMW ATTORNEYS 1935. A. s. PETERSON ROOFING MACHINE Filed Aug. 27,1932 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR ARTHUR 5. PfTE/PSO/V BY W'E'SM ATTORNEYS1935. A. s. PETERSON 2,010,887

ROOFING MACHINE Filed Aug. 27, 1952 3 Shets-Sheet 3 l V/IIl/II/IIIIIIIII INVENTO'R Arr/W95 PffffiSO/V aY imvwlafipm ATTORNEY Theinvention will be more clearly understood from the description thereofto follow in connection with the drawings, of which:

Fig. 1 shows in diagrammatic form the arrangement of the members of theroofing machine or of the cutting machine to produce shingles or shinglestrips or similar units;

Fig. 2 shows a diagrammatic arrangement of the epicyclical gear trainand the indexing devices of the invention;

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic developed plan view of the mechanism of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 shows a plan view of the mechanism applied to a shingle cuttingmachine; and I Fig. 5 shows a side elevation of the machine of Fig. 4;

Figures 6 and 7 and Figures 8 and 9 show two modifications of thedifferential mechanism of the invention.

Figure 10 shows a modification of thedriving connection between theparts;

' In Fig. l a roll of roofing material which in ordinary practice ismade from a sheet l'of roofing felt impregnated with asphalt and havinga coatingpf asphalt on one side thereof, upon which coating is applied asurfacing of slate granules, is shown at 2 mounted so as to turn freelyupon the shaft 3 under suitable control. The sheet I as itunrollsvp'asses in contact with the tractor rolls 4 and 5 which draw thesheet I from the roll 2. The pressure is maintained between the tworolls 4' and 5 by suitable means so as to provide the necessary tractiveeffect upon the sheet. In the arrangement shown the sheet then passesunder the slitters .lfl and I2 mounted on the shafts Hand 53 to slit thesheet longitudinally into strips or bands. The. slitting operationhowever may be done at another point in the series ofoperatic'ns'accomplished in this machine or in certain cases may beomitted if the full width of the sheet is to be utilized in forming theunits.

- Asl5 is shown a marking cylinder mounted on the shaft iii, the shaft86 being driven at a speed such that the circumferential movement of thecylinder it corresponds with the movement of the sheet produced by thetractor rolls. A marking knife, diagrammatically shown at IT, is mountedupon the circumference of the cylinder l5 and acts against the countersurface 58 known as the anvil mounted upon'a roll l9 suitably positionedon the underside of the sheet. The roll is issuitably geared to thecylinder l5 to bring the knife edge I? in contact with the sheet whenthe anvil is in a position immediately upon the other side of the sheetso as to receive the pressure of the marking knife H. The position ofthe marking knife 5'! upon, the cylinder. 55 and of the anvil l8 uponthe roll I9 lengthwise respectively of the cylinder'and of the roll andthe form of the marking knife and the corresponding anvil may be such asto produce a mark or a cut in the sheet of desired form and length andin the desired position laterally of the sheet 'I or of the longitudinalstrips or bands into which the sheet may have been cut by the slitterl0. It will be clear, when the rolls 4 and 5 are suitably gearedtogether and the cylinder l5 and the roll l9 are also suitably gearedtogether and that between these geared members a train of gears isconnected or a connection made as by a chain drive, that for eachrevolution of the tractor roll 4, the cylinder 15 and the counter rolll9 will make a definite number of revolutions. Thus if the sheet is'ofuniform characterortexture as delivered by the tractor rolls 4 and Samark or cutwill be made by the knife I? at definitely spaced intervalslengthwise of the sheet or of the strips cut therefrom.

If the sheet or the strips or the bands are to be out into individualunits of limited length, this may be accomplished by providing a cuttingroll having a cutting knife 26 mounted thereon and arranged to bear upona counter or anvil 2'! mounted upon a counter roll 28. The cutting roll25 and the counter roll 28 are respectively mounted upon shafts 30 and3|. In present practice these rolls also are directly connected as bygearing to the tractor rolls and therefore to the marking cylinder l5.If the sheet is of uniform character, the longitudinal strips or bandsof the sheet will be cut into units of definite length upon eachrevolution of the rolls 25 and 28. By suitably positioning the knife 26and the counter 21 with respect to the rotation of the marking knife I?and its counter 58, which positioning may be accomplished by propermeshing of the teeth of the connecting gearing, the cutting of the bandsinto unitary shingles or strips will be effected so that the marks madeby the marking knife I! will be in a more or less definite relation tothe edges cut by the knife 26.

In order to compensate for variations in the character of the sheetandparticularly to change the relation of the marks and cuts, forexample the relation of the mark made by the marking knife H withrespect to the edge cut by the knife 26, according to my invention Iprovide a mechanism by means of which the cylinder l5 and its counterroll is geared thereto may be conveniently turned respectively upon theshafts I6 and 2!] with respect to the other members such as the tractorrolls and the cutting rolls.

In one embodimentof my invention which, for simplicity, I willnowdescribe, I so arrange gearing connected to the members as to producea difierential motion between the tractor rolls 4 and 5 ,and thecylinder 15 and its counter roll H9 in order to change the position ofthe marking knife it with respect to a point upon the sheet which hasbeen delivered by the rolls 4 and 5. It will be understood that such apoint delivered by said rolls may be the point at which the longitudinalstrips or bands are to be cut to form the units or it may be a point atwhich a second mark may be placed in the sheet. It will be clear thatthe movement of the marking knife I! with respect to the tractorrolls 4will move the position of the mark set in the sheet or in the bands withrespect to such a point as delivered by the rolls 4 and 5. If, forexample, the point upon the sheet at which the sheet is in contact withthe rolls 4 and 5 is considered as such a point and if at the same timethe marking knife I1 and its counter iii are in contact with the sheet,then the distance between the point in question and the mark set by themarking knife I! will be the distance between the vertical center lineof the rolls 4 and 5 and that of the cylinder l5 and the roll 19.

If now by means of the differential mechanism of my invention thecylinder I5 carrying the marking knife 17 is moved to the position shownin Figure 1, it will be evident that the mark will have been made in thesheet at' .2! which will be in a position to the right of the point ofcontact of the sheet with the cylinder 15. Thus the distance between theabove referred to point on the sheet, which may correspond to a secondmark or to a cut edge of the unit, and the mark prqd i ed in... En i eerknife will be less between which it is desired to prbduce the difthanthat produced as fir'stdscfibedI Correspondingly, if the marking knifeI! upon the cylinder I is moved tothe left of thevertical center line ofthe cylinder I5 by differential rotation of the cylinder I5 with respecttothe tractor rolls 4-and 5,'the distance between the point in questionupon the sheet, such asthe point in contact with the rolls 4 and '5 andthe mark set by the marking knife II, will be greater than as firstdiscussed. The detail of the mechanism for producing this differentialrotation of the cylinder I5- and its counter roll I9 with respect to thetractor rolls 4 and 5 will be described hereafter.

It will be understoodthat if I the cutting rolls 25 and 28 are directlyconnected to the tractor rolls 4 and 5 so that the-differential rotationof I the cylinder I5 does not change the relation of I the cutting rolls25 and 28 with respect to tractor rolls 4 and 5, the position of themark made by the marking knife I1 will be altered with respect to theedge or out made by cutting rolls 25 and 28. Thus theposition of themark will be changed with respect to the edge of the individual unitswhich are produced by'the machine. It will also be clear that if for thecutting rolls Hand 28 are substituted a second marking cylinder and itscounter roll similar to'that provided by the cylinder I5 and the roll I9respectively with themarking knife and anvil, the space between twomarks upon the unit may be changed by the differential rotation ofthe'members as described.

I which my invention is applied, reference has been made to the use ofdifferentialmechanism or mechanismfor producing the differentialrotation of the marking knife or cutting knife with respect to thetractor roll or with respect to each other. Broadly, my inventionresides in the combination with the ordinary meansfor moving a: roofingsheet through a machine for cutting roofing units and for making marksor cuts in the roofing sheet of meansto produce units with I Idifferently spaced marks thereonor to vary, the

position of a mark upon the sheet with respect "to a given pointthereon. This I accomplish by respect to each other.

causing a differential motion of the I member whichmakes the mark or thecut with respect to the member which causes movement of said point withrespect to which the mark is made in the sheet; or by causingdifferential motion :of a plurality of marking or .cutting members withWhile broadly my invention includes any means which will produce thisdifferential change in the members having these different functions, Ihave found that I may make a simple embodiment of the invention withoutexpensive change in the ordinary machines for themanufacture ofroofingunits or shingles or shingle stripsby connecting 'afdifferentialgear trainrto the tractor rolland to the marking cylinderor to anyothertwo members the shaft 56; V shaft 56 with respect tothe marker shaft 45and ferential motion.

I have found that a particularly simple and inexpensive embodiment ofthis inventionimay be made in connection with shingle cutting machinesby using an epicyclical gear train mounted upon the marker shaft or ashaft directly connected thereto and so connected as to produce thedifferential motion between said marker shaft and, for

example, the tractor rollor the cutting rolls.

In Figures 2 and 3 is shown an arrangement of gearing connected to twomarking cylinders 40 and 4| having mounted thereon marking knives 42 and43 respectively. 'These marking cylinders 40 and M are respectivelymounted upon shafts 44 and 45. Keyed to the shaft 44 is the sprocket 53which is connected by means of the chain 5I to the sprocket 52 which ismounted upon the shaft 45 but turns loosely thereon. Fastened to the.

sprocket 52 and. turning therewith loosely upon the shaft 45 is mountedthespur gear 55. Upon the shaft 56 and keyed'thereto is mounted the spurgear 51. Upon this shaft also and keyed thereto is mounted the spurgear56 meshing with the spur gear 59 which is keyed upon the marker shaft45. Brackets or arms 65 and 66, Fig. 3, are mounted with bearingportions 61 and 68 loosely upon the marker shaft 45. At the outer endsof the brackets or arms.65 and 66 are provided bearings 69 and III inboth 'of which is journalled These brackets thus position the maintainrespectively the gears 55 and 51 and 58 and 59 in mesh. It will be clearthat the shaft 56 may revolve into parallel positions around the willroll upon the gears 55 and 59. Thegears 55 and 59 are of unequal sizeand number of teeth and correspondingly the gears 51 and 58 are ofdifferent size and number of teeth. In the well known manner ofepicyclical gear trains it will be clear that when the shaft 56 isrevolved about the shaft 45, assuming the shaft 45 to be stationary forsimplicity of explanation, the periphery of the gear 58 will be rolledupon shaft 45 and that the gears 51 and 58 respectively 7 and measuredupon the periphery of the gear 59. If, for example, the gear 58 has 16teeth and the" gear 59 hasj25 teeth, the gear 58 will roll approximately1.56 times upon the gear 59. This motion of rolling will cause the shaft56 to turn 1.56

times upon its axis, that is. with respect to its bearings 69 and 19.The gear 51, which is keyed upon the shaft 56, must turn also an equalnumber of turns while likewise gear 55.

lf the gear 5'l has 20 teeth, properly to-mesh with teeth of the samepitch, the gear 55 must have2 1. teeth. In one revolution of the shaft56 the gear 55 would then make 20/21 of a rotation. In making 1.56 turnsof the shaft 56 upon its axis the gear-55 would then make 1.49 rotationsupon its axis. 1 Due to the eifect'of the revolution of the shaft 56about the shaft 45, this ratio however must be corrected as will now beexplained.

To make the action clear, let it be supposed that in revolving the shaft56 about the shaft 45 the gears are locked together so that they do notrotate one with respect to the other. If after one revolution of theshaft 56 about the shaft 45 has been made, which it will be understoodinvolves a rotation of both the gears 59 and 55 about the axis of theshaft 45 when the gears are locked together, the shaft 45 and the gear59 keyed thereto are rotated in a reverse direction one turn torestore'the-gear 59'and the shaft 45 is rolling upon thetotheoriginalposition before revolution of the shaft 56, then it will beseen that the gear 55 also must rotate reversely-and must, make 1. .9rotations with respect tothe gear 59 and the shaft 45. However, as the;gear 55 has been given one rotation in the forward direction, the netresult of the two movements will be .49 of a rotation of the gear 5-5with respect to the gear'59 and the shaft .5 in one revolution of theshaft 56 about the shaft i5. The shaft 44, being directly connect-ed andgeared to the gear 55 through the sprocket 52 having 21 teeth and thesprocket 50 having 20 teeth, will make 21/20 times .49 rotation for eachrevolution of the shaft 5'5 about the shaft 35. The shaft it will thenrotate .52 of, a turn upon its axis. 7 1

It will be noted that with the gear ratios used inthe above example, thegear 55 will move .49 of a rotation with respect to the shaft 35 in adirection of rotation opposite to that of the revolution of the shaft beabout the shaft 45. By using different ratios or numbers of teeth on thedifferent gears, it will be possible torotate the gear 55 in the samedirection as the shaftifi about the shaft 55. However, for most purposesin the application of the invention tomachines for cutting and markingshingles or shingle strips, any convenient ratio may be adopted to suitthe mechanism of the particular machine because, in the manner to bedescribed, the differential gearing of my invention may be convenientlyrotated in either direction in a greater or less degree as desired. I

It will be understood that the above description of the relative motionof the parts assumes that the shaft it: is stationary. However, ifrotation is given to the shaft 45, as occurs in the operation of thecutting machine, and thereby through the gearing shown and describedrotation is also given to the shaft i hthe differential action likewisemay be produced by moving the shaft 55 about the shaft t5. As; he shaft56 may be revolved about the shaft G5 into parallel position, rotationof the shaft (15 does not prevent the rolling of the gears as described.Thus the differential rotation of shaft 55 with respect to shaft wit andtherefore respectively of the marking knives 53 and 32 may be producedwhile the machine is in motion. Tho'differential motion provided by themechanism and described in connection with Figures 2 and EWillproducethe result of varying the spacing of the marks produced by the knives 42and it without the necessity of stopping the machine to reset themembers;

If the marking knives 42 and 43 are positioned at points on thecircumference of the marking cylinders iii and H at Whichthe sheet beingmarked is tangent, then the space between the marks made by knives 32and 43 upon the sheet is equal to the center line distance between theshafts 4d and 55. If, now, by means of the differential gearing markingcylinder 40 is rotated with respect to the marking cylinder 4! so thatthe marking knife 42 assumes the position indicated at f5, then thedistance between the 'marks upon the sheet will be less than the centerthe shaft 45 by simple means, in one embodiment of the inventionI'provide a gear mounted upon the shaft'45, but'turning loosely thereon.This gear is fastened near its periphery to one of the bearings, such asthe bearing 10 supporting the shaft 56, or is made integral with the arm66 and its bearings 68 and ill, so that a rotary movement given to thegear 80 will produce a rotation of the arm 66 and bearing ll] about theshaft '45. Thus the shaft 56 is caused torevolve about the shaft 15.

. In order conveniently to produce the motion of the gear 8f], I providea shaft having keyed thereto at one end thereof a pinion 86 meshing withthe gear 80. Upon said shaft, conveniently at the end thereof oppositeto the end at which the pinion 86 is fastened, is keyed a lever Blhaving a handle 88. Fastened to a suitable stationary support 98 bymeans of fastening bolts 9! is mounted an index dial 92 having holes 93spaced circumferentially thereon. An arm 9 upon the lever 31 is providedwith an index pin 95 which may be withdrawn or inserted in the holes 93by means of the handle or head 96. When the pin 95 is withdrawn from ahole 93, the lever 87 may be rotated by hand, thus rotating shaft 85 andthe pinion 85 keyed thereto. The pinion 86 thus gives motion of rotationto the gear 89 about the shaft 15. This motion is transmitted to theshaft 56 which is thus caused to revolve about the shaft 65, and thedifferential motion of the marking cylinders 45 and ii is produced. Itwill be understood that by suitably designing the parts a very slightmotion may be given to the marking knives 42 with respect to the markingknife 13, or a considerable movement of one with respect to the othermay be effected. In the practical embodiment, for example, the pinion 86may have 15 teeth and the gear 80 may have 75 teeth. Thus one.revolution of the pinion will produce only of a revolution of the gearand only A5 of a revolution of the shaft 56 about the shaft Q5. Bysubdividing the index head into a'suitable number of parts by means ofthe spaced holes, further fractional'movement of the shaft 55 about theshaft 45 may be accomplished, or by giving to the handle 88 and lever 87a plurality of revolutions, the complete revolution of the shaft 56 orseveral revolutions thereof may be produced.

twill also be understood that in the operation of the machine the shaft56 is not in motion about theshaft l5,'and the gear 85) and the pinion8t meshing therewith are also stationary. Thus no *provision need bemade for the continuous rotation of the shaft 85. The movement of theshafts.

25 and E5 in the normal operation of the machine "is accomplished bytransmission of the motion from one to the other through the chain driveand through the gears 55, 5?, 58 and 59.

Either direction of transmission of the power for normal motion, ofcourse, is possible while providing for the differential movementdescribed. In the particular embodiment illustrated, the rotation of theshaft is with-respect to the shaft it would be represented by theproduct 2o 21 21 20 16/25. Thus for each revolution of the-shaft M innormal operation the shaft f5 would move 1/156 revolutions. Thediameters of the marking cylinders Gil and M respectively may be sochosen as to provide the'proper circumferential movement of the markingknives t2 and 43 to. correspond with the linear movement of the sheetpassing in contact with said cylinders. The differential rotationstemporarily change the relation of the revolutions during the time ofadjustment but do not change the ratios or circumferential ratesofdelivery in changing th spag- 111g of the marks. V

In Figures 4 and 5 is shown a somewhat dia grammatic arrangement of thedifferential gear- 7 ing combined accordingto my invention with ashingle cutting machineof usual. design. In Figs,

ures 4 and 5 the reference numerals sofar as possible are made tocorrespondjwith Figures 1, 2

and 3. The roll of roofing material, which is shown at 2 in Figure l butnot shown in Figures 4 ,and 5, .is mounted in; the usual: manner and arranged so that the sheet I may be fed through the machine in the.direction of the arrow. The

sheetJ in the embodiment of Figuresil and 5.

passes between the markingrolls; I5 and I9 and through the .slitters I0and I2, the sheet being drawn through these parts; of the machine by thetractor rolls. 4 and 5 mounted upon the shafts 6 and] respectively; Uponthe shaft I is mounted thesprocket I00 upon which runs the chain IOItransmitting the motion to;the; cutting rolls (not shown) whichcorrespond to the; cutting rolls and 28 inFig. 1.,1, 1,

The rolls I5 and I9 are-respectively. mounted upon. the shafts I6 and20. These shafts turn in. I bearing blocks .Ill5and106 slidably mountedbe-- tweenthe portions, I 01 and I08 of the framegof the machine.Suitable mechanismis provided to I transmitfrom'the hand wheelI I0; tothe screw III power. to move the block I05 and thus position the markerroll I5 properly in relation to the counter surface upon the roll I9.The slitter knives I0 and .,I2 are similarly mounted in bear-- ingblocks which similarly may be positioned by means of a hand operatedmechanism.

The" tractor rolls 4 and, 51 are carried I on shafts 6 and I which aresimilarly mounted in bearings and I9.

moves the gear 55 and its sprocket 52 and likewise the sprockets 58 andI60 simultaneously with respect to the shaft I3-and to the sprocket I22keyed thereto and therefore correspondingly simultaneously with respectto the sprocket I24 mounted on the shaft20. It. will thus be understoodthat in, the embodiment shown in Figures 4 and 5 the tractor rolls 4 and5 and the cutting rolls (not shown) driven through the chain IOI, willbe rotated upon their axes withrespect to the slitters I0 and I2 and tothe marker rolls I5 will beretardecl a fraction of its length during arevolution of themarker rolls I5 and I9 depending upon the direction ofmotion of the shaft 56 about theshaft I3. Thelength of the units out by,the cutter rolls which are driven through the I sprocketIOfl and thechain IOI will not be changed because the relation of thecutters tothextractor rolls is unchanged. The adjustmentofthe tractor Thus thesheet will be drawn by the tractor rolls through a fraction of itslength or.

rolls and likewisethe cutter rolls with respect: to

themarker rolls may be made while the. ma-.-

chine is in operation in the manner explained in connection with Figures2. and 3.-- L

Various. modifications of my invention may be made without departingfrom the spirit thereof.

Instead of epicyclical gear trains as shown-in the Figures 2, ,3, 4 and5, I may provide internal or planetary gears or combinations of gearsand chain drives or. other mechanismswhich may be designed fordifferential motion of moving or rotating parts. ..For.example, inFigures 6, '7, 8

i and 9 there are shown arrangements of internal on the frames H5.Thesebearingsforsimplicity of illustrationare omitted in; Figure 5.- Inthe arrangementof the shingle cuttingymachineshown in Figure 4, power isapplied by means of a belt I20 to thepulley 'IZI 'keyedto theextensionofthe slitter'shaft I3. Also keyed to theshaft I3is the sprocket I22 uponwhich runs the chain I23 pass.-

ing .over the sprocket 124 which is keyedfupon I the shaft 20xof themarker roH I9. Thus the motion of rotation which isgivenito the shaft I3when the power is applied to the belt HU'CQMSGS motion.ofth'ermarkerrolls I5 and. .Hlin .a fixedrelation. i

= In Figure 4 the arrangement or the differential gearing is shown. toprovide for a differential motion of thectractor rolls 4 and5 withrespectto the marker rolls I5 andIB. Upon the. extension ofthe shaft I3is keyed the. gear, 59. Also "mounted ,upon this, shaft, to swingloosely thereon arethe arms 55 and 66: carrying the. auxiliaryplanetaryshaftfifi uponwhich are-keyed the The gear 58 meshes the gear59 andthe gear 51 meshes the gear 55 running loosely upon the shaft I3;Upon an extension of gears 51 and 58.

the gear 55 is fastened the sprocket 52 connected bythe chain 5 I- tothesprocket-.50, fastened upon the shaft'I-of the tractor roll 5. It will:be noted that there is thus provided-a. train ,of gearssimilar to :thatdescribed in connection .withFi -2 and3. I. n

are mounted at either side" of the gear 80 which meshes 'With'thepinionf85 upon the adjustment shaft 85 but the mechanismior adjustingthe *position of the shaft 56. about the shaft I3 is similar to thatshown" in Figures? and Band the 'parts bear like referencenumerals.Motion of revolution of 'the shaft 56 about the shaft. I3 thus 5' In thearrangement Figure 4 the brackets or planetary gears arranged to producethe difierential motion of. the shaft withrespect to the shaft-45. 'Inthe illustrations of these embodiments of the inventionpar'ts havinglike function to'thoseof theimechanisms of Figures {2 and 3 bearreference numerals as in Figures 2 and 3. Thus, in Figures fi and'l thenormal drive applied td'ithe' shaft 45 ,for;exarnpl'e', turns the gear59 meshingwith-the gear '58. The gear '58 is keyed to: a stud shaft '55having a bearing the web of the gear 801 Also keyed tothe shaft 56 isthe gear 51 meshinginternally with thegear 5s; a I

The sprocket 52 is made integralwith the'gear 55 asin' the embodimentillustrated in Figures 2 and 3. Thechain 5| connects th'e sprocket'52 tothe sprocket on the shaft 44. By suitable selection of the diameters ofthe respective gears and of the sprockets'thedesired speed relationbetweenfshafts 44 and '45ma y be secured. Moreover, as the gear 80"islooselyj' mounted on the shaft 45,"u'pon' rotation thereof the shaft 56,carrying gears 5'l and 58may revolve as a whole about the, axisfof theshaft 45 in the same manner as describedinconnection with Figures 2' and3.

Bend!) the differential motion of these shafts also may be secured.Within the scope of my invention I may also combine my mech-- anism withother means for insuring rotation of the respective markingor cuttingmemhers. v For example, as shown in Figure 10, if the shaft 44ais.driven by a direct connected motor I48 and the gear ::is likewise driventhrough suitable connection by a second motor M2 operating in.substantially a constant relation to or in synchronism with the firstmotor, as may be j accomplished by connecting said motors to a in likemanner to that produced when the drive connection is provided by thechain 5! connecting the sprockets 5B and 52. Other modifications will beapparent to those skilled in the art while practicing the invention inthe utilization of mechanism for producing a differential change ormovement of the two members which cause the marking or cutting of thesheet at spaced points or "of members which feed and mark the sheet. Allsuch modifications and uses are within the scope of my invention.

Having thus described my invention, I claim: 1. Ina shingle cuttingmachine, the combination with a pair of spaced rotary heads arranged forpassage of a sheet of roofing material suca cessively in circumferentialcontact therewith and having means on each of said heads for indentingthe sheet, of means including a differential gear train connectedbetween said heads for differentially rotating one head with respect tothe other,

. said differential gear train having a pair of roll- 'ing gearsconnected together to rotate upon a common axis and arranged to berevolved as a whole about'the axis of and respectively to roll upon thegears of the differential train which n rotate upon the driving axis ofthe train, said rolling gearsbeing of unequal pitch diameter.

2. In a shingle cutting machine, the combination with a pair of spacedrotary heads each arranged in circumferential contact with a sheet ofroofing material moving successively in tangential relation to saidheads, each of said heads having means on its circumference forindenting the moving sheet at intervals in the direction of motion ofsaid sheet, of means including an epicyclic gear train connected to saidheads and arranged to produce differential rotary movement of one headwith respect to the other without change in the interval of repetitionbut with change of the space between the indentations made by said pairof heads, said gear train having the rollinggears of unequal pitchdiameter to cause the gears rolled upon to rotate differentially withrespect to each other.

3. In a shingle cutting machine, a pair of spaced rotary heads arrangedfor rotation upon parallel axes, means for delivering a sheet of roofingmaterial into contact successively with the circumferences of said head,means for indenting .the sheet mounted on each head, a gear arranged toturn loosely upon a shaft and to be rotated upon rotation of one of therotary heads, a gear fastened to said shaft to rotate therewith, saidshaft being arranged to rotate with rotation of the other rotary head, apair of gears'fastened together to rotate upon an auxiliary axisparallel to said shaft and respectively meshing with said gears, whichare loose and fastened upon said shaft, and means for revolving aboutsaid shaft said auxiliary axis and said pair of gears rotatable togetherthereon, the pairs of meshing gears being of unequal ratio whereby iscaused a differential movement of the gear loose upon said shaft withrespect to the gear fastened upon said. shaft and a circumferentialmovement of the indenting means of one rotary head with respect to thatof the other.

4. In a machine for marking a continuous sheet of material moving in thedirection of the dimension thereof in which said sheet is continuous,the combination with a pair of devices for marking the sheet each movingwith the sheet and contactingthe sheet at points spaced thereon in thedirection of motion of'the sheet, of a mechanism connected to saiddevices for dif ferentially varying the motion of one device withrespect to the other, said mechanism comprising a driving memberrotating upon an axis and connected to one of said devices, a memberrotating upon an axis and free of direct driving connection to saiddriving member but connectedin driving relation to said other device,means rotating upon an axisnot coincident with the axis of at least oneof saidmembers and so mounted and arranged thatsaid means and its axismay be revolved as a whole about the axis of said'member, saidmeans-being arranged-for circumferential driving contact of a part-thereof with said driving memberandfor circumferential driving contact withsaid free member of another part of said means connected to said firstpart to rotate therewith upon its axis, the ratios of the rotation'ofsaid parts in circumferential contact with said driving member memberrotating upon an axis and connected to one of said means selected fromthe group composed of the moving means and the marking means,meansrotating upon an axis not coincident with the axis of said drivingmember and so mounted and arranged that it and its axis may be revolvedas a whole about the axis of said driving member but with portions incircumferential driving contact respectively with said'driving memberand with a member freeof direct driving connection to said drivingmember, said free member being arranged to be rotated upon an axis andin driving connection with the other of said means included in saidgroup, the ratios of rotation of said circumferentially contactingportions of said rotating means to the rotation of their respectivelycontacted members being unequal. v

6. Apparatus comprising means for continuously moving a continuous sheetlengthwise thereof, a pair of marking devices arranged in such spacedrelation as to mark the sheet at points spaced lengthwise thereof, saiddevices being arranged to repeat said pairs of marks at intervalslengthwiseof the sheet, a driving member arranged to rotate upon an axisupon motion of said means for moving the sheet and 7 connected to driveone of said marking devices,

one of said members and mounted to revolve 7 together with its axisabout said axis of said member, said means rotating upon an axis beingarranged for circumferential driving contact of a part thereof with saiddriving member and for circumferential driving contact with said'freemember of another part thereof connected to said first part to rotatetherewith upon its axis, the

ratio of rotation of said part in contact with said driving member tothe rotation of said driving member 'being different from the ratio ofrotation of said part in contact with said free member to the rotationof said free member,

whereby one marking device is caused to move differentially with respectto the other to vary the spacing of the marks without affecting theintervals between the pairs of marks.

7. Apparatuscomprising a pair of spaced rotary heads each arranged intangential relation to a continuous sheet moving successively incircumferential contact therewith, each of said heads having means onits circumference for marking the moving sheet at intervals in thedirection of motion of the sheet, and means comprising two gearsconnected and mounted to turn together upon a common axis and so thatsaid gears and said axis may be revolved as a whole about the axis of adriving member connected in driving relation toone of said rotary heads,

one of said gears meshing with a gear fastened upon said driving member,the other of said gears meshing with a gear member free to-rotate uponthe axis of said driving member but connected'in driving relation to'theother rotary said members.

head, the ratios of the meshing gears in the two in driving relation toone of said rotary heads,

one of said gears meshing with a gear fastened upon said driving member,the other of said gears meshing with a gear member free to rotate uponthe axis of said driving member but connected in driving relation to theother rotary head, the ratios-of the meshing gears in the two sets beingunequal, and means for revolving about the axis of said driving membersaid gears connected and mounted to turn together upon their common axisto effect adifferential movement of said driving memberwith respect, to

' said gear member free to rotate upon the axis of said driving memberto cause a diiferential movement of said rotary heads.

9. Apparatus according to claim 8 in which said means for revolving saidgears about the axis "of the driving member is provided with means forindexing the differential movement of ARTHUR S. PETERSON.

